What type of land description includes air rights and subsurface rights?

The correct answer highlights the concept of vertical land descriptions, which encompass not only the surface area of a property but also the rights to the air above and the minerals or resources below the ground. This type of description is crucial in real estate because it clearly defines the boundaries of ownership in three dimensions – height, width, and depth.

Vertical land descriptions are important in urban environments where air rights can be sold or leased for developments like high-rise buildings, and subsurface rights are relevant for activities such as mining or drilling. By specifying these rights, it helps in delineating the complete vertical extent of ownership and usage, which is particularly significant in managing property developments, zoning laws, and resource extraction activities.

Other types of descriptions like horizontal land descriptions or standard property descriptions typically focus only on the surface area and do not encompass the vertical dimensions necessary for defining air and subsurface rights. Geodetic surveys, while accurate for mapping, do not inherently address the ownership rights of different strata of land. Therefore, vertical land descriptions are essential for understanding the full range of rights associated with property ownership.