Which type of lien is typically voluntary and specific?

A mortgage lien is typically voluntary and specific because it arises when a borrower agrees to use a property as collateral for a loan, which is a choice made by the property owner. This type of lien is directly tied to a specific piece of real estate and is established through a mortgage agreement. The lender holds this lien to secure repayment of the loan, meaning the lien gives the lender the right to foreclose on the property if the borrower defaults on the loan.

In contrast, statutory liens, such as tax liens or mechanics' liens, are created by law and can be established without the consent of the property owner. Equitable liens arise from a court's decision based on fairness, often in instances involving debts or obligations, but do not necessarily require the voluntary agreement of the property owner. Municipality property tax liens are also statutory and enforced by local governments regardless of the property owner's wishes. Thus, these other types of liens lack the voluntary aspect associated with a mortgage lien.